For example, a listener under headphones may be presented the double-pair digits 62 in the left ear and, at the same time, 4-1 in the right. Motivational factors inherent to the within-subject design used here are also discussed. Dichotic listening tasks require listeners to attend to different words, phrases, or short sentences presented simultaneously to each ear. This might partly account for the reduced reliability in words and the absence of REA in syllables. In fact, the emotional component may have forced participants to focus on the language aspects of the stimuli. The present findings suggest that including an emotional component does not reduce the reliability or magnitude of auditory laterality effects. Although no ear advantage was found for the syllable task, somewhat better reliability was demonstrated compared to that obtained with words. A significant right ear advantage (REA) was found only with the word task. Results failed to confirm the hypothesis since they were generally similar to those obtained in the previous study. Dichotic listening has also been examined using the Fused Dichotic Word Test (Hiscock, Cole, Benthall, Carlson, & Ricketts, 2000). The Dichotic Listening Task is a psychological test commonly used in cognitive psychology to study selective attention. Each task was completed twice to allow the estimation of test-retest reliability. The dichotic listening tasks involves simultaneously sending one message (a 3-digit number) to a person’s right ear and a different message (a different 3-digit number) to their left ear. In both tasks, stimuli were pronounced in a neutral tone of voice. Thirty-two participants completed both a dichotic syllable detection task and a dichotic word detection task. The present study tested the hypothesis that the magnitude and reliability of the laterality effects would increase with the removal of the emotional component and variations in word frequency. Large and reliable laterality effects have been found using a dichotic target detection task in a recent experiment using word stimuli pronounced with an emotional component.
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